Method hub

Visualisation

Visualisation means deliberately rehearsing a skill, a situation or a goal in your mind, using all your senses. It works best when you picture the process and the obstacles, not just the result. Start with our complete guide, then use the videos, apps and courses below.

1 guide · 1 article · 13 videos · 9 podcasts · 4 experts · 6 courses · 4 directories · 6 books · 3 apps · 4 free tools

Visualisation is the deliberate use of mental imagery to rehearse a skill, prepare for a challenge or picture a goal. It covers sport-style mental rehearsal, guided imagery for relaxation and goal visualisation. Research shows mental practice improves performance, especially when you imagine the steps and obstacles rather than only the finished result.

This hub gathers the best places to learn and practise visualisation in one spot. Our complete guide explains the techniques and the science. Below it you will find free videos from researchers, sport psychologists and well-known teachers, podcasts, courses from free university options to professional certification, the classic books, apps, free self-tests and directories of qualified professionals.

How to use this page

If you are new, read the guide, then pick one short video and try a single five-minute session: one situation, all five senses, in real time. Process visualisation, where you picture yourself doing the steps, usually beats only picturing the prize.

To make visualisation more useful for goals, try WOOP (Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan) from Professor Gabriele Oettingen. It pairs a positive picture with planning for what might get in the way. The sport psychology podcasts explain the PETTLEP model that athletes use to make imagery feel real.

If you find you cannot picture anything at all, you are not doing it wrong. You may have aphantasia, which affects a few people in every hundred. The VVIQ-2 self-test and the aphantasia videos explain your options, including imagery based on feeling, sound and movement.

How we choose resources

Every link here was opened and checked by our editors before it was listed, and each card notes who made it, where it lives and whether it is free. We favour researchers, qualified psychologists, universities and established publishers over anonymous channels, and we recheck links regularly. Nothing on this page is paid placement unless it is clearly labelled as sponsored.

Visualisation is low-risk for most people, but it is not a replacement for medical or psychological care. If imagery brings up distressing memories, stop and speak to a qualified professional.

Start here

New to visualisation? Our complete guide covers what the research shows, process versus outcome imagery, six step-by-step techniques, a 10-minute guided script and what to do if you cannot picture anything.

What people use it for

Articles 1

Videos 13

Video

Rethinking Positive Thinking

Prof Gabriele Oettingen (DLD Conference) · YouTube · 12:40 · Free

The researcher behind WOOP explains why only fantasising about success can backfire, and what to do instead.

Podcasts 9

Podcast

WOOP, There It Is (Hidden Brain)

Shankar Vedantam with Prof Gabriele Oettingen · Hidden Brain · Free

Episode: why picturing your goal works best when you also picture the obstacles in the way.

Experts 4

Courses & training 6

Course

Interactive Guided Imagery Certification

Academy for Guided Imagery · academyforguidedimagery.com · Paid (check site)

A 150-hour professional certification in guided imagery for health and therapy professionals.

Course

Breakthrough to Success Online

Jack Canfield · jackcanfield.com · Paid (check site)

A self-paced 10-module masterclass with sessions on visualisation, affirmations and vision boards.

Course

The Silva Ultramind System

Mindvalley (Vishen Lakhiani, based on the Silva Method) · mindvalley.com · Paid / Mindvalley membership

A 28-day programme built around the Silva Method's mental-screen visualisation techniques.

Practitioners & organisations 4

Directory

HCPC Register: Check a Practitioner

Health and Care Professions Council · hcpc-uk.org · Free

Check that anyone calling themselves a sport and exercise psychologist in the UK is registered, as the law requires.

Books & apps 9

Book

The Success Principles (Jack Canfield)

Jack Canfield with Janet Switzer · HarperCollins UK · Paperback / eBook

Canfield's best-known book, with chapters on visualisation, affirmations and goal setting.

Book

The Source (Dr Tara Swart)

Dr Tara Swart · Penguin (Vermilion) · Paperback

A neuroscientist's take on visualisation, vision boards and neuroplasticity. ISBN 9781785042003.

App

Insight Timer

Insight Network Inc · App Store (iPhone, iPad) · Free

A free meditation app with thousands of guided visualisation and guided imagery tracks.

App

WOOP app

Prof Gabriele Oettingen · App Store (iPhone, iPad) · Free

The official free app for WOOP: Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan. Mental contrasting, step by step.

App

The Manifest App

Roxie Nafousi Ltd · App Store (iPhone, iPad) · Free

Roxie Nafousi's app of guided manifestation meditations and visualisations.

Free tools & guides 4

Free tool

WOOP: Free Practice Guide

Prof Gabriele Oettingen (WOOP my life) · woopmylife.org · Free

Free official instructions for WOOP, the research-based way to pair a positive picture with planning for obstacles.

What the evidence says

Mental practice has a solid research base for performance. A classic meta-analysis found a reliable, moderate benefit from mental practice compared with no practice (Driskell, Copper and Moran, 1994). A meta-analysis of imagery in sport found that physical practice still works better, and the two together work best (Simonsmeier et al., 2021). Imagining the steps also beats imagining only the outcome (Pham and Taylor, 1999).

There is an important catch. Fantasising only about an ideal future can sap the energy you need to pursue it (Kappes and Oettingen, 2011). That is why techniques like WOOP pair the positive picture with the obstacles. Mental imagery also varies widely: some people have little or none, a trait called aphantasia (Zeman et al., 2015). Claims that visualisation alone can "attract" outcomes are not supported by research.

Before you start: If you have trauma or PTSD, imagery can bring up difficult memories, so work with a qualified therapist. Use visualisation alongside action, not instead of it, and keep seeing your doctor for any health condition.

FAQs

Where should a complete beginner start?

Read our complete guide, then try one short guided video and a single five-minute session. Choose one specific situation, use all five senses and imagine it in real time, from start to finish.

Does visualisation actually work?

For performance, yes, with conditions. Reviews of dozens of studies show mental practice improves skills compared with no practice, and it works best alongside real practice. Picturing the steps and the obstacles beats picturing only the result.

What if I can't picture anything in my mind?

You may have aphantasia, which means little or no visual imagery. Try the free VVIQ-2 self-test, then use imagery based on feeling, movement or sound, or a written plan such as WOOP. The aphantasia videos and podcasts here explain more.

What is the difference between visualisation and manifestation?

Visualisation is a mental skill studied by psychologists and sport scientists. Manifestation and the Law of Attraction add the belief that picturing something draws it to you, which research does not support. Our guide explains where the two overlap and how to use visualisation in a practical way.

Are the visualisation apps free?

Insight Timer and the WOOP app are free to use, and Insight Timer has an optional subscription. The Manifest App and Mindvalley are free to download, with paid content. Check each store page for current pricing.

How do I find a sport or performance psychologist?

In the UK, use the BPS Directory of Chartered Psychologists and check the HCPC register, because "sport and exercise psychologist" is a protected title. Internationally, the AASP directory lists certified mental performance consultants.

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This hub is for general information and self-help education. It is not medical or psychological advice. External resources are selected by our editors and checked when listed; we are not responsible for third-party content.